PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL DAN PENGALAMAN KERENTANAN KERJA PADA PEKERJA INFORMAL DI INDUSTRI KREATIF DIGITAL INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56015/gjikplp.v13i8.1055Keywords:
jaminan sosial tenaga kerja, pekerja informal, industri kreatif digital, kekosongan regulasiAbstract
Pesatnya pertumbuhan gig economy melahirkan struktur ketenagakerjaan baru yang minim jaring pengaman sosial. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma fenomenologi interpretatif, penelitian ini menggali pengalaman hidup (lived experience) pekerja informal digital melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tujuh informan kunci dari berbagai subsektor kreatif, meliputi content creator, desainer grafis freelance, video editor, copywriter, software developer, fotografer pernikahan, dan ilustrator. Analisis menggunakan empat kerangka teori yang saling melengkapi: Teori Sistem Sosio-Teknik, perspektif Ekonomi Politik Kerja Digital, kerangka Social Risk Management, dan Capability Theory of Quality of Work. Temuan mengungkap bahwa rendahnya partisipasi dalam program BPU BPJS Ketenagakerjaan bersumber dari kerentanan struktural yang bersifat sistemik, bukan semata ketidaktahuan individu, meliputi ketidakstabilan pendapatan, kekosongan regulasi, kontrol algoritmik yang mengaburkan hubungan kerja, serta bias optimisme terhadap risiko kerja. Peneliti merekomendasikan model perlindungan sosial yang fleksibel berbasis fungsi kerja, bukan status kontrak formal, dengan pendekatan Social Risk Management yang mempertimbangkan Capability Set dan Conversion Factors pekerja informal digital.
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